The FINANCIAL — Air Canada on February 16 reported record full year 2017 EBITDAR (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, impairment and aircraft rent) of $2.921 billion compared to the previous record full year 2016 EBITDAR of $2.768 billion, an increase of $153 million.
Air Canada reported 2017 operating income of $1.364 billion compared to 2016 operating income of $1.345 billion. Adjusted pre-tax income amounted to $1.158 billion in 2017 compared to adjusted pre-tax income of $1.148 billion in 2016. On a GAAP basis, the airline reported record income before income taxes of $1.279 billion in 2017 compared to income before income taxes of $877 million in 2016, according to Air Canada.
Special items are excluded from Air Canada’s reported EBITDAR calculations. See below for a description of the special items recorded in 2017 and 2016.
“Our strong 2017 results underscore the effectiveness of our transformation strategy, as well as the success of our global expansion and the power of our comprehensive network. We profitably expanded our global network with 30 new routes launched, and carried a record 48 million customers, while maintaining our focus on cost discipline and continuing to improve margins. Our achievements were driven by the hard work and commitment of our 30,000 employees and I commend them for enthusiastically embracing positive change at Air Canada. I especially want to thank our colleagues from our various Operations branches who worked through extremely challenging and disruptive winter conditions over the holiday period, for their commitment and professionalism in bringing our customers safely to their destinations,” said Calin Rovinescu, President and Chief Executive Officer.
“The extent of our transformation is evident in our continuing records for financial results. In 2017, we achieved our fifth consecutive year of record EBITDAR, passenger revenue climbed 10 per cent to a record $14.5 billion, and our unrestricted liquidity amounted to $4.2 billion at year-end. Our transformation has made Air Canada profitable while reducing risk in many areas, such as level of indebtedness and pension obligations, the twin pillars of long-term sustainability.
“We remain committed to meeting the key financial targets set during our September 2017 Investor Day. Beyond this, as we continue to capitalize on the momentum of our strategy and to further entrench cost discipline into our DNA, we have undertaken a new Cost Transformation Program intended to secure an additional $250 million in savings by the end of 2019,” said Mr. Rovinescu.
“In 2018, our wide-body fleet renewal will be substantially completed as our mainline narrow-body replacement program accelerates. Along with new aircraft, we will keep investing in products and services, including our new loyalty program, technology to enrich the travel experience, and enhanced airport services and amenities. In 2017, we were recognized as “Best Airline in North America” by Skytrax and we intend to continue providing a superior product to our customers, whom I thank on behalf of all Air Canada employees for choosing to fly with us,” concluded Mr. Rovinescu.
Full Year Income Statement Highlights
In 2017, on capacity growth of 11.6 per cent, record system passenger revenues of $14.471 billion increased $1.323 billion or 10.1 per cent from 2016. The increase in system passenger revenues was driven by traffic growth of 11.3 per cent partly offset by a yield decline of 1.0 per cent. An increase in average stage length of 4.8 per cent had the effect of reducing system yield by 2.7 percentage points. On a stage-length adjusted basis, system yield increased 1.7 per cent year-over-year.
In the business cabin, system passenger revenues increased $334 million or 13.4 per cent from 2016 on traffic and yield growth of 9.8 per cent and 3.3 per cent, respectively.
In 2017, operating expenses of $14.888 billion increased $1.556 billion or 12 per cent from 2016, mainly driven by the increase in capacity and higher fuel prices year-over-year.
Air Canada’s cost per available seat mile (CASM) increased 0.1 per cent from 2016. The airline’s adjusted CASM(1) decreased 3.0 per cent from 2016, in line with the 3.0 to 4.0 per cent decrease projected in Air Canada’s October 25, 2017 news release.
Air Canada recorded adjusted net income of $1.142 billion or $4.11 per diluted share in 2017 compared to adjusted net income of $1.147 billion or $4.06 per diluted share in 2016. Starting as of and including the fourth quarter of 2017, adjusted net income is determined net of tax and includes the income tax effect of adjustments included in the measurement of adjusted net income. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2017, there was no deferred income tax expense recorded because of significant unrecognized deferred tax assets. A tax expense of $16 million affected fourth quarter and full year 2017 adjusted net income results. On a GAAP basis, the airline reported 2017 net income of $2.038 billion or $7.34 per diluted share compared to 2016 net income of $876 million or $3.10 per diluted share.
Fourth Quarter Income Statement Highlights
In the fourth quarter of 2017, on capacity growth of 9.5 per cent, record system passenger revenues of $3.381 billion increased $346 million or 11.4 per cent from the previous record in the fourth quarter of 2016. The increase in system passenger revenues was driven by traffic growth of 9.9 per cent and a yield improvement of 1.4 per cent. An increase in average stage length of 4.6 per cent had the effect of reducing system yield by 2.6 percentage points. On a stage-length adjusted basis, fourth quarter system yield increased 4.0 per cent year-over-year.
In the business cabin, system passenger revenues increased $96 million or 15.3 per cent from the fourth quarter of 2016 on traffic and yield growth of 8.2 per cent and 6.6 per cent, respectively.
In the fourth quarter of 2017, operating expenses of $3.687 billion increased $280 million or 8 per cent from the fourth quarter of 2016, mainly driven by the increase in capacity and higher fuel prices year-over-year.
Air Canada’s cost per available seat mile (CASM) decreased 1.2 per cent from the fourth quarter of 2016. The airline’s adjusted CASM(1) decreased 1.2 per cent from the fourth quarter of 2016, in line with the 0.5 to 1.5 per cent decrease projected in Air Canada’s October 25, 2017 news release.
Air Canada reported record EBITDAR of $521 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 versus EBITDAR of $455 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. The airline reported a record fourth quarter EBITDAR margin of 13.6 per cent compared to an EBITDAR margin of 13.3 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2016. On a GAAP basis, the airline reported fourth quarter 2017 operating income of $133 million compared to fourth quarter 2016 operating income of $18 million.
Adjusted pre-tax income amounted to $77 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 compared to adjusted pre-tax income of $39 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. On a GAAP basis, the airline recorded income before income taxes of $20 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 compared to a loss before income taxes of $178 million in the fourth quarter of 2016.
In the fourth quarter of 2017, Air Canada recorded adjusted net income of $61 million or $0.22 per diluted share compared to adjusted net income of $38 million or $0.14 per diluted share in the same quarter in 2016. As mentioned above, starting as of and including the fourth quarter of 2017, adjusted net income is determined net of tax and includes the income tax effect of adjustments included in the measurement of adjusted net income. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2017, there was no deferred income tax expense recorded because of significant unrecognized deferred tax assets. A tax expense of $16 million affected fourth quarter and full year 2017 adjusted net income results. On a GAAP basis, Air Canada reported net income of $8 million or $0.02 per diluted share in the fourth quarter of 2017 compared to a net loss of $179 million or $0.66 per diluted share in the fourth quarter of 2016.
Special Items
In the first quarter of 2017, Air Canada recorded a provision of $30 million relating to a fine which was reinstated by a decision of the European Commission pertaining to cargo investigations. Air Canada paid the fine in the second quarter of 2017, pending the outcome of its appeal of the decision.
In the fourth quarter of 2016, Air Canada recorded a past service cost expense of $91 million to reflect the estimated cost of pension increases applicable to ACPA-represented pilots who participate in a defined benefit plan.
Financial and Capital Management Highlights
At December 31, 2017, unrestricted liquidity (cash, short-term investments and undrawn lines of credit) amounted to a record $4.181 billion (December 31, 2016 – $3.388 billion).
At December 31, 2017, total long-term debt and finance leases (including current portion) of $6.119 billion decreased $499 million from December 31, 2016. New borrowings of $733 million were more than offset by debt repayments of $808 million and the favourable impact of a stronger Canadian dollar of $402 million, as at December 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016, on Air Canada’s foreign currency denominated debt (mainly U.S. dollars).
At December 31, 2017, adjusted net debt of $6.116 billion decreased $974 million from December 31, 2016, reflecting the impact of higher cash and short-term investment balances and the benefit of a stronger Canadian dollar on U.S. dollar denominated debt balances. At December 31, 2017, Air Canada’s leverage ratio improved to 2.1 versus 2.6 as at December 31, 2016.
Record net cash flows from operating activities of $2.738 billion improved $317 million compared to 2016. Record free cash flow of $1.056 billion in 2017 was above the range of $600 million to $900 million projected in Air Canada’s October 25, 2017 news release, mainly as a result of higher cash flows from operations. The free cash flow generated in 2017 also reflected an improvement of $1.205 billion from 2016 due to higher cash flows from operating activities and a reduced level of net capital expenditures year-over-year.
For the 12 months ended December 31, 2017, return on invested capital (ROIC(1)) was 13.9 per cent, in line with the 13.5 to 14.5 per cent ROIC projected in Air Canada’s October 25, 2017 news release, and significantly higher than Air Canada’s weighted average cost of capital of 7.6 per cent.
Current Outlook
In addition to reaffirming its EBITDAR margin, ROIC, free cash flow and leverage ratio targets set during its September 2017 Investor Day, Air Canada is providing the following guidance:
Full Year 2018 Free Cash Flow
Air Canada expects positive free cash flow in the range of $250 to $500 million in 2018. Air Canada is not planning any sale-leaseback transactions in 2018.
First Quarter and Full Year 2018 Adjusted CASM
For the first quarter of 2018, Air Canada expects adjusted CASM (which excludes fuel expense, the cost of ground packages at Air Canada Vacations and special items) to increase 2.0 to 3.0 per cent when compared to the first quarter of 2017.
For the full year 2018, Air Canada expects adjusted CASM to range between a decrease of 0.5 per cent to an increase of 1.5 per cent compared to the full year 2017. Approximately 0.75 percentage points of this range are driven by non-recurring costs for branding and new uniforms, customer service and technology investments, accelerated depreciation for Embraer 190 aircraft, and start-up costs of approximately $10 million related to Air Canada’s new loyalty program scheduled to launch in 2020.
Full Year 2018 Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment Expense
Air Canada expects depreciation, amortization and impairment expense to increase by approximately $150 million from the full year 2017.
Full Year 2018 Employee Benefits Expense
Air Canada expects employee benefits expense to increase by approximately $75 million from the full year 2017.
Full Year 2018 Aircraft Maintenance Expense
Air Canada expects aircraft maintenance expense to increase by approximately $140 million from the full year 2017.
The above outlook is not dependent on Air Canada’s new Cost Transformation Program which is targeting to generate savings of $250 million by the end of 2019.
2018 Outlook – Major Assumptions: Assumptions were made by Air Canada in preparing and making forward-looking statements. As part of its assumptions, Air Canada assumes relatively modest Canadian GDP growth for 2018. Air Canada also expects that the Canadian dollar will trade, on average, at C$1.25 per U.S. dollar in the first quarter and the full year 2018 and that the price of jet fuel will average 72 CAD cents per litre in the first quarter of 2018 and 70 CAD cents per litre for the full year 2018.
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